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Machina Labs expands focus to satellites and reentry vehicles

The collaboration between Machina Labs and various entities in the space sector underscores the growing role of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing manufacturing processes. Here are key points regarding Machina Labs’ involvement:

  1. Established in 2019: Machina Labs, a Los Angeles-based startup, was founded in 2019, and it has rapidly expanded its presence in the space sector. The company focuses on leveraging robotics and AI to enhance manufacturing processes, particularly in the context of space-related applications.
  2. Collaboration with NASA and AFRL: The startup has collaborated with prominent organizations such as NASA and the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The work with AFRL specifically targeted the development of robotic technology for manufacturing metal tooling used in composite structures. This indicates a commitment to advancing manufacturing capabilities through innovative technologies.
  3. Machine Learning for In-Space Manufacturing: In collaboration with NASA, Machina Labs applied machine learning-based software for in-space manufacturing, particularly with autonomous articulated robots. This aligns with the broader trend of incorporating AI solutions into space exploration and manufacturing processes.
  4. Partnership with Satellite Manufacturers: Machina Labs has extended its services to satellite manufacturers, assisting them in rapidly iterating designs. The ability to quickly iterate and test designs is crucial for optimizing satellite components and systems. The company’s involvement in this area highlights the significance of advanced manufacturing techniques in satellite development.
  5. Innovative Manufacturing Process – Roboforming: Machina Labs introduced a manufacturing process called Roboforming. This process is specifically mentioned for its application in producing toroidal propellant tanks. Traditionally, manufacturing such tanks has been challenging and time-consuming. The Roboforming process aims to reduce costs and accelerate the manufacturing of these specialized tanks.
  6. Expertise of Machina Labs Leadership: Edward Mehr, the CEO and co-founder of Machina Labs, brings a background as a former Relativity program manager and SpaceX software engineer. This experience in the aerospace and space industries likely contributes to the company’s ability to address challenges in space-related manufacturing.

In summary, Machina Labs’ work reflects the ongoing integration of advanced technologies, including robotics and AI, in space-related manufacturing processes. As the space industry continues to evolve, such innovations play a vital role in enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and pushing the boundaries of what is achievable in space exploration and satellite development.

Machina Labs’ involvement in working with hypersonic vehicles and the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in their processes highlights the cutting-edge technologies being applied in aerospace manufacturing. Here are key points related to their work in these areas:

  1. Hypersonic Vehicles and Material Toughness: Machina Labs is engaged in developing manufacturing processes for hypersonic vehicles, which are known for their high-speed flight capabilities. The company works with materials, including titanium and Inconel, that possess the necessary toughness to withstand the extreme heat generated during reentry. This indicates a focus on addressing the unique material challenges associated with hypersonic flight.
  2. AI and ML in Metal Deformation: Machina Labs employs machine learning, utilizing Nvidia chips, to replicate the work of craftsmen involved in incrementally deforming metals or composites to create specific shapes. The goal is to replicate the decision-making process that occurs in the mind of a skilled craftsman. This involves building empirical models of how materials deform during shaping, allowing the AI systems to determine the appropriate processes for different geometries.
  3. Empirical Models for Deformation: Machina Labs has developed empirical models that capture the deformation characteristics of materials throughout the shaping process. These models serve as a foundation for the AI and ML algorithms to understand how materials respond to various manufacturing processes. This data-driven approach enables a more precise and efficient manufacturing process.
  4. Determining Process Parameters: The company’s engineers leverage the empirical models to determine the right set of process parameters for each geometry. This involves understanding the specific requirements for shaping different parts and guiding robots to execute the necessary actions. The combination of AI, ML, and robotics facilitates a level of precision that is crucial in aerospace manufacturing.

Machina Labs’ work reflects the integration of advanced technologies not only in the aerospace industry but specifically in addressing challenges related to hypersonic vehicles. The use of AI and ML for replicating craftsmanship and determining optimal manufacturing processes showcases the potential of these technologies in revolutionizing traditional manufacturing approaches. As the aerospace sector continues to advance, such innovations contribute to increased efficiency and capabilities in the production of complex aerospace components.

SpiderOak successfully tests cybersecurity software in orbit

The successful on-orbit testing of OrbitSecure software by SpiderOak on a Ball Aerospace payload marks a significant development in space-based cybersecurity. Here are some key points:

  1. Zero-Trust Application in Space: SpiderOak’s OrbitSecure is a zero-trust application, which means it operates on the principle of not trusting any entity within the network, regardless of whether it’s inside or outside the organization’s boundaries. This is crucial for enhancing security in space operations where data protection is paramount.
  2. Data-Level Security: Zero-trust applications like OrbitSecure focus on data-level security. Each data record is encrypted and stored in a digital ledger. This approach ensures that even if a network is compromised, the encrypted data remains secure.
  3. Immediate Detection of Breaches: In the event of a breach, OrbitSecure is designed to detect it immediately. This rapid detection allows for quick response measures, including the issuance of new encryption keys. This proactive approach is essential in preventing unauthorized access and minimizing the potential impact of cyber threats.
  4. Significance of Space-Based Cybersecurity: As space systems become more interconnected and dependent on data exchange, the need for robust cybersecurity measures in space is critical. Protecting sensitive data and ensuring the integrity of space-based operations are key considerations for satellite operators, government agencies, and commercial entities involved in space activities.
  5. Integration with Payloads: The fact that OrbitSecure was tested on a Ball Aerospace payload demonstrates the integration of advanced cybersecurity solutions with satellite systems. It emphasizes the growing awareness of the cybersecurity challenges associated with space-based assets and the need to address them proactively.
  6. Continuous Innovation in Space Security: The successful testing of OrbitSecure represents a milestone in advancing cybersecurity capabilities for space applications. Continuous innovation in this field is essential to stay ahead of evolving cyber threats that may target space assets.

The Payload

The successful demonstration of SpiderOak’s OrbitSecure on a Ball Aerospace payload in low-Earth orbit (LEO) represents a significant achievement. Here are additional insights into this development:

  1. Operational Testing in LEO: The testing of OrbitSecure was conducted in the operational environment of low-Earth orbit. This real-world testing scenario is crucial for validating the functionality and effectiveness of the cybersecurity solution in the actual conditions it is intended to operate.
  2. Ball Aerospace’s BOSS Framework: The payload on which OrbitSecure was tested incorporates Ball Aerospace’s Open Software System (BOSS) framework. BOSS is designed to facilitate rapid data processing and on-orbit modification of applications. This framework is essential for the flexibility and adaptability of software solutions in space, allowing for efficient processing and dynamic updates.
  3. Collaboration Between SpiderOak and Ball: The successful demonstration highlights the collaboration between SpiderOak and Ball Aerospace. Working closely together, the two entities uploaded and demonstrated the OrbitSecure software on the Ball Aerospace payload. Such collaboration is indicative of the multidisciplinary approach needed for advancing both space technologies and cybersecurity solutions.
  4. Data Security and Resilience: SpiderOak emphasizes the benefits of OrbitSecure for data security and resilience. In the space environment, where data transmission and storage are critical, ensuring the security and resilience of data is a top priority. OrbitSecure’s ability to operate in a zero-trust model, encrypting and protecting data at the granular level, adds a layer of robustness to space-based systems.
  5. Milestone for SpiderOak: The successful demonstration is described by SpiderOak’s CEO, Dave Pearah, as completing a major milestone. This suggests that the on-orbit testing has met or exceeded expectations, showcasing the readiness of OrbitSecure for space applications.
  6. Continuous Innovation in Space Cybersecurity: The demonstration of a zero-trust application in space is a noteworthy achievement in the continuous evolution of space-based cybersecurity. As space systems become more interconnected and susceptible to cyber threats, innovative solutions like OrbitSecure play a crucial role in safeguarding critical data.

The operational testing of OrbitSecure in LEO, in collaboration with Ball Aerospace’s BOSS framework, represents a significant step forward in enhancing cybersecurity for space-based assets. This achievement contributes to the ongoing efforts to fortify the security of satellite systems and data in orbit.

UK invests to scan for RF from ships attempting to avoid detection

The UK Space Agency is providing £1.2 million in funding to Horizon Technologies for the launch of a replacement satellite, Amber Phoenix, scheduled for mid-2024. Horizon Technologies lost its previous satellite, Amber IOD-3, when a Virgin Orbit LauncherOne rocket failed during a launch attempt in January. Amber Phoenix is a 6U cubesat designed to scan radio frequencies from ships seeking to evade detection. AAC Clyde Space is manufacturing the satellite, while the launch provider has not yet been confirmed. Horizon Technologies, which specializes in maritime surveillance, will provide the remaining funds for the satellite program.

The UK government’s funding for this satellite replacement project highlights the growing importance of satellite technology for national security and maritime surveillance. In an era of increasing global connectivity and data exchange, monitoring radio frequencies from ships and other sources has become a crucial tool for governments and agencies seeking to safeguard their national interests.

This development also showcases the value of satellite technology and cubesats in particular for security and defense applications. These small, cost-effective satellites are gaining more recognition as they provide flexible and accessible solutions for various space missions. The focus on replacing a lost satellite with a new and improved version underscores the resilience of space technology, where failures are often viewed as opportunities to learn and innovate.

he challenges Horizon Technologies faced with its initial satellite launch plans highlight the complexities and uncertainties associated with space missions. Factors such as pandemic-related delays, launch provider issues, and other logistical challenges can significantly impact the timing of satellite projects. This is especially true for smaller companies and startups entering the space industry.

The grant from the UK Space Agency, in this case, has played a crucial role in allowing Horizon Technologies to overcome these hurdles and continue its expansion into space-based services. As space technologies become increasingly important for national security, surveillance, and other applications, such funding and support from government agencies can make a significant difference for private enterprises.

Horizon Technologies’ decision to replace the lost Amber IOD-3 satellite underscores the strategic importance of maintaining and enhancing space assets. These assets play a vital role in modern surveillance, telecommunications, and environmental monitoring, making it essential to have contingency plans and resources to address any potential setbacks.

Horizon Technologies’ ambitious plans for its Amber constellation demonstrate the increasing role of small satellites in addressing security and surveillance challenges. Here are some key takeaways:

  1. Enhanced Maritime Security: The Amber constellation is designed to enhance maritime security by providing real-time radio frequency (RF) data. This can help detect illegal activities such as piracy, smuggling, and other threats to maritime security. The UK. Royal Navy’s involvement highlights the potential of space-based solutions in addressing security concerns in a broader context.
  2. Global Coverage and Rapid Data: With plans to deploy over 20 Amber payloads in low Earth orbit, Horizon aims to offer worldwide RF data with a latency of just 30 minutes. This near-real-time data can significantly improve the ability to respond to security threats and challenges in the maritime domain.
  3. Government and Commercial Opportunities: Horizon Technologies intends to market its space-based detection services to other governments and commercial customers. This highlights the commercial potential of satellite-based solutions for addressing security and surveillance needs.
  4. Synergy with Earth Observation and SAR Constellations: Integrating RF-tracking payloads into partner Earth observation and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) constellations is a strategic move. It allows for more comprehensive data collection by leveraging existing constellations to capture additional information in areas identified as interesting by RF payloads.
  5. Collaboration with Earth Observation and SAR Companies: Horizon Technologies is actively collaborating with Earth observation and SAR companies to integrate RF-tracking capabilities into their upcoming satellite launches. This collaborative approach expands the network and capabilities of the Amber constellation.

Overall, Horizon’s vision for the Amber constellation demonstrates the growing importance of small satellites and their potential to address a wide range of security and surveillance challenges. It also highlights the synergy between space-based solutions and existing Earth observation and SAR constellations, underscoring the importance of integrated data for comprehensive situational awareness.

The satellite industry studies the size of the direct-to-device market

The emerging market for satellite connectivity directly to devices, such as smartphones, has generated varying opinions on its growth potential:

  1. AST SpaceMobile’s Perspective: AST SpaceMobile, a company developing a satellite constellation for direct-to-device services, expressed optimism about the market’s rapid growth. The interest is being driven by consumers’ strong desire to remain connected. According to Scott Wisniewski, the executive vice president and chief strategy officer of AST SpaceMobile, customers are likely willing to pay for such connectivity, which might not require a substantial cost.
  2. Lynk Global’s Estimate: Lynk Global, another player in the market, expects the direct-to-device market to grow swiftly. Charles Miller, the CEO of Lynk Global, estimated that it would take less than five years for the market to reach $1 billion in annual revenues.

These estimates highlight a general sentiment that there is a growing demand for satellite connectivity directly to devices. The exact rate of growth and the time it takes to reach specific revenue milestones, however, remains a topic of debate within the industry.

There is a range of opinions regarding the timeline for the direct-to-device satellite market’s growth:

  1. Optimistic Outlook: AST SpaceMobile and Lynk Global are optimistic about the rapid growth of this market. They emphasize the critical differentiator is speed and expect it to become a significant opportunity more quickly.
  2. Cautious Approach: Iridium’s COO, Suzi McBride, offers a more cautious perspective based on Iridium’s experience of offering satellite phone service for over two decades. She believes that it will take a decade for the market to develop due to the time required for deploying the necessary infrastructure and ensuring proper service adoption.
  3. Middle Ground: Jassem Nasser, Chief Business Development Officer at Thuraya, anticipates the market could take 7-10 years to reach $1 billion in annual revenue. He suggests that the biggest opportunity lies in broadband data rather than voice or messaging services, which will require advanced technologies and significant capital investments.

This debate reflects the industry’s uncertainty about the exact pace of growth for direct-to-device satellite services. Some participants advocate rapid development, while others emphasize a more cautious, long-term approach to ensure success.

Regarding terminology, the industry is still grappling with what to call this market. While it is often referred to as “direct-to-device,” engineers commonly use the term “non-terrestrial networks (NTN).” The industry might need to establish a consensus on the appropriate nomenclature to describe this emerging sector.

The panel also touched on the issue of terminology for the direct-to-device satellite market:

  • Charles Miller, CEO of Lynk Global, believes that industry buzzwords like “direct-to-device” and “non-terrestrial networks” are too technical and don’t effectively communicate the capabilities of the technology to the public. He proposed the term “sat-to-phone” as a more descriptive alternative, emphasizing that the industry needs to speak the language of its customers, the billions of people with phones.
  • Suzi McBride, COO of Iridium, expressed a more consumer-focused view, stating that consumers care more about connectivity than the specific name of the technology.

This debate highlights the need for clear and consumer-friendly terminology to describe these emerging satellite services. While some advocate for more descriptive terminology like “sat-to-phone,” others believe that the technical jargon matters less to consumers than the practical benefits of connectivity.

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Link Communications Systems is a London based telecommunications service provider and technology integrator that specialises in VSAT network design, integration and services in remote regions throughout the world. LCS provides Internet via Satellite, Private Networks, Maritime, Television broadcasting and other services.

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